REESE  LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Deceived  ,190     . 

85534 


Accession  No. 


.   Claxs  No. 


AT  THE  POST  OF  THE  GUARD. 


PRIVATES'  HANDBOOK 


OF 


MILITARY  COURTESY 


AND 


GUARD   DUTY 


BEING  PARAGRAPHS  FROM  AUTHORIZED  MANUALS  WITH 
CHANGES  IN  MANUAL  OF  ARMS,  SALUTING,  ETC., 
ACCORDING  TO  RECENT  MODIFICATIONS,  AND 
THEIR  ADAPTATIONS  TO  THE  SPRING- 
FIELD ARM,  EMBODIED, 
AND  NOTES. 


BY 

LIEUT.  MELVIN  W.  ROWELL, 
n 

UNITED  STATES  ARMY, 

Sometime  Instructor  in  Guard  Duty  and  Military  Courtesy, 
Division,  National  Guard  of  New  Jersey. 


KANSAS  CITY,   MO. 
HUDSON-KIMBERLY  PUBLISHING  CO. 

1898 


COPYRIGHTED  1898,  BY  HUDSON-KlMBERLY  PUB.  Co., 

KANSAS  CITY,  MISSOURI. 


CONTENTS. 


MILITARY  COURTESY.  Pa  e 

Saluting 11 

Salute  with  the  Hand 11 

Rifle  Salute 12 

Honors 15 

MANUAL  OF  GUARD  DUTY. 

In  General 19 

Privates  of  the  Guard 22 

Orders  for  all  Sentinels  on  Post 26 

Orders  for  all  Sentinels,  except  No.  1 39 

Orders  for  Sentinel  No.  1 46 

Compliments  from  all  Sentinels 51 

Special    Orders    for    Sentinels     in    Charge    of 

Prisoners 56 

Orderly  for  the  Commanding  Officer 58 

Musicians  of  the  Guard .59 


85534 


THE  POSTING  OF  A  BELIEF. 

S\  old  sentinel;  S2,  new  sentinel;  CT,  old  corporal; 
C2,  new  corporal.  When  old  corporal  (CT)  is  not  pres- 
ent', there  is  no  change. 

1st  Stage. 

Sentinel  halts  when  relief  is  15  paces  away. 
C2| 

INI 

I  I  I  I  is 

C| 

2d  Stage. 

Relief  halts  at  6  paces ;  corporal  commands  "No. 
( — )/"  new  sentinel  advances  and  halts  1  pace  from  old 
sentinel. 

MM         c. 
HI       s*|  |s 

c7 

3d  Stage. 

Positions  at  command  "Post,"  and  while  relief  is 
passing. 

C2 

MM 
Ml 

S2  C'  IT 

4th  Stage. 

Relief  being  6  paces  away,  new  sentinel  walks  post. 

C2| 

MM 
MM 


PREFACE. 


The  private  of  the  National  Guard,  or  of  volun- 
teers, often  meeting  with  doubts  and  difficulties  in 
referring  to  unabridged  manuals  for  details,  a  hand- 
book for  his  individual  guidance  is  of  considerable 
assistance,  if  not  a  necessity,  to  company  commanders 
in  the  routine  instruction,  or  quick  training  of  their 
commands  in  fundamental  duties. 

An  effort  has  here  been  made  to  place  before  the 
soldier  in  a  convenient,  compact,  and  economical  form 
essential  features  which  he  must  learn  not  only  in 
order  to  perform  well  his  present  duties,  but  that, 
should  he  later  rise  to  the  position  of  non-commis- 
sioned officer  or  officer,  his  comprehension  of  his  new 
duties  as  a  subordinate  and  as  an  instructor  will  rest 
on  a  solid  foundation.  With  this  object  in  view,  cer- 
tain paragraphs  of  authorized  manuals  and  regula- 
tions of  the  United  States  Army  are  presented  with 
supplementary  paragraphs  added  (printed  in  small 
type)  where  thought  necessary  to  aid  the  inexperi- 
enced. 


8  PREFACE. 

On  my  own  responsibility,  the  changes  in  the  Man- 
ual of  Arms,  saluting,  etc.,  due  to  recent  modifications 
(also  their  adaptation  to  the  Springfield  arm),  have 
been  embodied  in  the  paragraphs  from  authorized 
manuals. 

Advice  and  suggestions  have  been  received  from 
Captains  B.  M.  Gerardin,  4th  Regiment,  and  T.  D.  Lan- 
don,  6th  Regiment,  National  Guard  of  New  Jersey, 
to  whom  my  thanks  are  returned. 

Melvin  W.  Rowell, 
Lieutenant  U.  S.  Army. 

Newrark,  New  Jersey,  March  10,  1898. 


SALUTE  WITH  HAND. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  11 

MILITARY  COURTESY. 


Saluting. 

1.  Courtesy  among  military  men  isTmdispensable 
to  discipline;  respect  to  superiors  will  not  be  confined 
to  obedience  on  duty,  but  will  be  extended  on  all 
occasions. 

Officers  and  men,  when  saluting,  look  toward  the 
person  saluted. 

Salute  with  the  Hand. 

2.  Enlisted  men   salute  with  the  hand  farthest 
from   the   officer,  giving  the   salute   f>   paces   before 
passing  the  officer  and  holding  the  hand  at  the  visor 
until  the  salute  is  acknowledged  or  the  officer  passed. 

The  salute  is  made  in  two  motions: 

1st.  Eaise  the  hand  smartly  until  the  forefinger 
touches  the  lower  part  of  the  headdress  above  the 
right  eye,  thumb  and  fingers  extended  and  joined, 
palm  to  the  left,  forearm  inclined  at  about  45  degrees, 
hand  and  wrist  straight. 

2d.     Drop  the  arm  quietly  by  the  side. 

If  uncovered,  the  forefinger  touches  the  forehead 
above  the  eve. 


12  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

Rifle  Salute. 

3.  The  rifle  salute  is  prescribed  for  individual  sol- 
diers with  arms,  except  sentinels,  who  salute  by  pre- 
senting arms. 

The  first  motion  of  the  rifle  salute  is  made  6  yards 
before  passing  the  officer,  holding  the  hand  at  the 
small  of  the  stock  until  the  salute  is  acknowledged  or 
the  officer  passed. 

The  salute  is  made  as  below: 

Being  at  a  right  shoulder — 

1st.  Carry  the  left  hand  smartly  to  the  small  of 
the  stock,  forearm  horizontal,  palm  of  the  hand  down, 
thumb  and  forefingers  extended  and  joined,  forefinger 
against  the  piece. 

2d.     Drop  the  left  hand  by  the  side. 

4.  When  indoors,  the  salute  is  made  from  the 
position  of  order  arms: 

1st.  Carry  the  left  hand  smartly  to  the  right  side, 
forearm  horizontal,  or  nearly  so,  palm  of  the  hand 
down,  thumb  and  fingers  extended  and  joined,  fore- 
finger against  the  piece. 

2d.     Drop  the  left  hand  by  the  side. 


RIFLE  SALUTE. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AXD  GUARD  DUTY.  15 

Honors. 

5.  Enlisted  men  passing  the  uncased  color  will 
render  the  prescribed  salute;  with  no  arms  in  hand, 
the  salute  will  be  made  by  uncovering. 

6.  No  honors  are  paid  by  troops   when   on   the 
march  or  in  trenches,  and  no  salute  is  rendered  when 
marching  in  double  time  or  at  the  trot  or  gallop. 

7.  When  an  enlisted  man  without  arms  passes  an 
officer,  he  salutes  with  the  hand  farthest  from  the  offi- 
cer.     If   mounted,  he  salutes   writh  the   right   hand. 
Officers  are  saluted  whether  in  uniform  or  not. 

8.  An  enlisted  man,  on  foot  and  armed  with  the 
rifle  or  carbine,  makes  the  rifle  or  carbine  salute.     If 
armed  with  the  saber  and  out  of  ranks,  he  salutes  all 
officers  with  the  saber  if  drawrn;  otherwise  he  salutes 
with  the  hand.     A  mounted  soldier  dismounts  before 
addressing  an  officer  not  mounted. 

9.  A  non-commissioned  officer  or  private  in  com- 
mand of  a  detachment  without  arms  salutes  all  offi- 
cers with  the  hand;  but  if  the  detachment  be  on  foot 
and  armed  with  the  rifle  or  carbine,  he  makes  the  rifle 
or  carbine  salute;  and  if  armed  with  the  saber,  he 
salutes  with  it.     He  brings  the  detachment,  if  armed,  to 
port  arms  when  at  about  30  paces  from  the  officer. 


16  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

10.  An    enlisted    man,    if    seated,    rises    on    the 
approach  of  an  officer,  faces  toward  him  and  salutes. 
If  standing,  he  faces  the  officer  for  the  same  purpose. 
If  the  parties  remain  in  the  same  place  or  on  the  same 
ground,  such  compliments  need  not  be  repeated,  lut 
a  correct  demeanor  will  le  observed.       Soldiers  actually 
at  work  do  not  cease  work  to  salute  an  officer  unless 
addressed  by  him.     Soldiers  actively  engaged  in  athletic 
exercises  or  lathing  do  not  salute  passing  officers. 

11.  An  enlisted  man  makes  the  prescribed  salute 
with  the  weapon  he  is  armed  with,  or  if  unarmed, 
whether  <  overed  or  uncovered,  with  the  hand,  before 
addressing  an  officer.     He  also  makes  the  same  salute 
after  receiving  a  reply. 

12.  Indoors,  an  unarmed  enlisted  man  uncovers 
and  stands  at  attention  upon  the  approach  of  an  offi- 
cer; he   does  not  salute  unless  he  addresses   or   is 
addressed  by  the  officer.     If  armed,  he  salutes  as  here- 
tofore prescribed,  without   uncovering.     A   soldier  in 
a  tent  does  not  salute  a  passing  officer;  he  rises  and  stands  at 
attention. 

13.  When  an  officer  enters  a  room  where  there 
are  soldiers,  the  word  "Attention"  is  given  by  some 
one  who   perceives  him,   wThen   all  rise   and   remain 


MILITARY  COURTS 87  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  17 

standing  in  the  position  of  a  soldier  until  the  officer 
leaves  the  room,  or  commands  "At  ease."  However,  if 
an  officer  be  already  present  in  the  room,  notice  will  not  be 
thus  taken  of  an  officer  who  enters,  except  he  be  senior  to  the 
officer  present.  Soldiers  at  meals  do  not  rise. 

14.  The  interior  of  a  tent,  office,  or  company  quarters 
not  actually  in  use  for  drill  is  "in  doors" ;  the  drill-halls  and 
corridors  of  armories  are  considered  "out  doors" 

15.  In  a  camp  the  tents  and  company  street  constitute 
the  company  quarters;  and  when  a  commissioned  officer 
enters  tJie  quarters,  the  non-commissioned  officer  in  charge, 
or  the  first  man  who  perceives  him,  salutes,  giving  first  the 
command  "Attention,"  which  is  executed  and  maintained  by 
all  until  the  officer  leaves  the  quarters. 

16.  In  saluting  officers  and  in  their  presence  generally, 
the  coat  should  be  buttoned,  the  hat  squarely  set  on,  and,  if 
smolcing,  the  cigar  or  pipe  should  be  removed  from  the  mouth. 

17.  Abbreviations  of  the  titles  of  officers  and  non-com- 
missioned officers  are  unmilitary.    Enlisted  men  address 
and  refer  to  officers  by  the  grade  the  officer  holds,  as :    "Pri- 
vate Brown  reports  to  Lieutenant  Jones;"  again,  Sir,  Cor- 
poral Smith  reports  to  the  commanding  officer;"  again, 
"The  captain  directs,"  etc. 


18  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

18.  Soldiers  at  all  times  and  in  all  situations  pay  the 
same  honors  and  courtesies  to  officers  of  other  regiments, 
corps,  etc.,  as  to  officers  of  their  own  regiment,  corps,  or  arm 
of  the  service. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  19 


MANUAL  OF  GUARD  DUTY  FOR  PRIVATES. 


Introduction. 

1.  Proper  instruction  and  practice  in  guard  duty  is 
not  only  necessary  in  itself  to  the  private,  but  the  distinctive 
and  individual  nature  of  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of 
sentinels  affording  abundant  opportunities  for  the  cultiva- 
tion of  habits  of  self-reliance,  faithfulness,  vigilance,  and 
other  soldierly  virtues  much  desired  in  the  performance  of 
all  military  duties,  brings  guard  duty  into  a  close  and 
fundamental  relation  ivith  all  other  military  training  and 
gives  great  importance  to  its  correct  execution. 

2.  A  correct  'knowledge  by  the  private  of  the  funda- 
mental details  of  guard  duty  is  best  imparted  during  periods 
of  routine  training,,  and  must  be  based  on  his  learning  the 
principles,  and  their  application,  of  the  authorized  manual. 
The  private  may  acquire  a  knowledge  of  the  duty  through 
individual  study  and  through  recruit  and  company  train- 
ing;  the  method  by  training  being  preferable,  for  by  this 
method  he,  while  learning,  gains  confidence  and  acquires 
habit  through  practice.     A  camp  of  instruction  is  the  "prov- 


20  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

ing-ground"  of  previous  instruction  as  well  the  occasion  of  add- 
ing instruction  and  attaining  habit,  through  the  actual  per- 
formance of  practical  details  of  duty.  Active  service  with 
guard  duty  as  well  as  with  other  duties  should  be  the  final 
test  of  all  previous  instruction  and  training. 

3.  Whatever  the  method  by  which  the  private  is  instruct- 
ed, it  is  to  be  emphasized  that  there  is  no  "slwrt  cut"  to  an 
understanding  of  guard  duty;  such  knowledge  can  only  be 
acquired  through  unremitted,  and  at  times  tedious,  efforts  to 
master  the  rules  of  the  Manual  of  Guard  Duty.       It  is 
further  to  be  observed  that  guard  duty  can  not  be  correctly 
learned,  nor  properly  and  vigilantly  performed,  when  there 
is  iv anting  in  a  command  the  quality  of  subordination  to 
proper  authority,  and,  on  the  part  of  the  private  on  guard,  the 
honest  intention  of  performing  his  duty  in  a  soldierly  man- 
ner, at  all  times,  and  whether  or  not  under  the  eye  of  an 
officer. 

4.  The  sentinel  on  post  is  the  representative  of  his  com- 
manding officer,  and  must  be  obeyed  and  respected  by  all 
accordingly.     The  authority  of  the  sentinel  over  all  persons, 
except  those  whom  he  recognizes  as  competent  to  give  him. 
orders,  is  always  absolute  and  positive,  and  when  necessary 
to  enforce  that  authority  he  is,  as  a  final  resort,  justified  in 
the  use  of  his  arms. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AXD  GUARD  DUTY.  21 

5.  A  well-instructed  sentinel  is  one  who  knows  the  gen- 
eral orders  (the  very  foundation  of  all  guard  duty),  the 
special  orders  of  his  own  post,  and  who  understands  the 
following  details: 

1st.     The  number,  limit,  extent,  and  duties  of  his  post. 

2d.  Whom  to  allow  to  cross  during  the  day  and  whom 
at  night. 

3d.     When  to  use  port  arms. 

4th.     When  and  how  to  challenge. 

5th.     Whose  orders  are  received  and  obeyed. 

6th.     The  rules  of  saluting. 

The  sentinel  learns  the  general  orders,  his  duties  and 
the  details  of  their  performance,  from  the  Manual  of  Guard 
Duty,  from  the  commanding  officer's  orders  posted  on  bulle- 
tin-boards at  the  guard  tents,  and  from  verbal  orders  and 
instruction  imparted  ~by  the  officers  and  non-commissioned 
officers  of  his  own  guard. 


22  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

^  PRIVATES  OF  THE  GUARD. 

t. 

1.  Without  permission  from  the  commander  of 
the  guard,  members  of  the  guard  will  not  remove  their 
accouterments  or  clothing,  nor  leave  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  the  guard-house. 

2.  When  not  engaged  in  the  performance  of  a 
specific  duty,  a  member  will  salute  all  officers  who 
pass  him.      This  rule  applies  at  all  hours  of  the  day 
or  night. 

3.  Whenever   the   guard  or   relief   is    dismissed, 
each  member  not  at  once  required  for  duty  will  place 
his  rifle  in  the  arm-racks,  if  they  be  provided,  and  will 
not  remove  it  therefrom  unless  he  requires  it  in  the 
performance  of  some  duty. 

4.  Privates  will  not  change  from  one  relief  or 
post  to  another,  during  the  same  tour  of  guard  duty, 
unless  by  proper  authority. 

5.  Should  the  guard  be  formed,  soldiers  will  fall 
in  ranks  under  arms.      In  all  cases  the  guard,  or  reliefs, 
fall  in  at  order  arms. 

At  a  roll-call  each  man,  as  his  name,  number,  and 
relief  are  called,  answers  "Here,"  and  comes  to  order 
arms. 


ORDER  ARMS. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  25 

Should  No.  1  call  "The  guard,"  or  "Turn  out  the 
guard,"  etc.,  each  private  makes  an  effort  to  get  into  ranks 
with  Ms  rifle,  quickly — i.  e.,  with  a  rush. 

6.  No  soldier  shall  hire  another  to  do  his  duty 
for  him. 


26  MILITARY  COURTESY  AXD  GUARD  DUTY. 


ORDERS  FOR  ALL  SENTINELS  ON  POST. 

7.  The  post  of   a  sentinel  is   usually  established   in 
length  by  certain  terminals  and  the  sentinel  usually  walks 
the  "center  two-thirds"   of  the   line;  but  sentinels  should 
remember  that  the  extent  of  their  post  and  the  field  of  their 
vigilant  observation  is  not  limited  to  such  a  path,  and  that 
they  may  go  to  a  reasonable  distance  to  either  side  when  nec- 
essary to  perform  the  duties  for  ivJiicli  they  are  posted.      A 
sentinel  may  even  go  to  the  assistance  of  an  adjoining  sen- 
tinel who  is  being  overpoicered,  or  who  is  disabled,  provided 
the  duties  of  his  own  post  are  not  thereby  neglected.     ^  Tine 
sentinel  is  expected  to,  first,  last,  and  all  the  time,  be  vigilant 
and  to  use  his  common  sense. 

8.  When  calling  for  any  purpose,  challenging,  or 
in  communication  with  any  person,  an  infantry  sen- 
tinel will  take  the  position  of  port  arms.     This  rule  is 
important;  the  infantry  sentinel  on  post,  whenever  he  opens 
his  mouth  to  speak,  and  whenever  spoken  to,  comes  to  port 
arms.     A  cavalry  sentinel,  if  dismounted,   will   take 
the  position  of  port  arms,  raise  pistol,  or  port  saber, 
according  as  he  is  armed  with  the  carbine,  pistol,  or 
saber;  if  mounted,  he  will  take  the  position  of  advance 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  29 

carbine,  raise  pistol,  or  guard;  he  will  not  dismount 
without  authority,  while  on  duty  as  a  sentinel. 

9.  A  sentinel  will  not  quit  his  piece,  except  on 
an  explicit  order  from  some  person  from  whom  he  law- 
fully receives  orders  while  on  post;  under  no  circum- 
stances will  he  yield  it  to  any  other  person. 

10.  A    sentinel    will    arrest    suspicious    persons 
prowling  about  the  post  or  camp  at  any  time,  all 
parties  to  a  disorder  occurring  on  or  near  his  post,  or 
any  one  who  attempts  to  enter  the  camp  at  night, 
even  soldiers  of  other  corps,  and  will  turn  over  all  per- 
sons arrested  to  the  corporal  of  the  guard.     To  arrest 
a  person  the  sentinel  keeps  him  in  place,  ordering  him  not  to 
move,  but  to  remain  where  he  is  standing,  using  force  if  nec- 
essary, calls  a  corporal  of  the  guard,  and  upon  his  arrival 
explains  the  circumstances  and  turns  over  the  person  held. 

11.  He  will  at  once  report  to  the  corporal  of  the 
guard  every  unusual  or  suspicious  event  noticed.     A 
sentinel,  as  a  rule,  does  not  permit  soldiers  or  others  to  loiter 
or  assemble  on  or  near  his  post  or  the  adjacent  sentry-boxes. 

12.  Orders  for  sentinels  on  post  are  divided  into 
two  classes,  general  orders  and  special  orders. 

13.  Sentinels  will  be   required  to  memorize   the 
following: 


30  MILITARY  COURTES7  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

My  general  orders  are: 

To  take  charge  of  this  post  and  all  Government  prop- 
erty in  view; 

To  walk  my  post  in  a  military  manner,  keeping  con- 
stantly on  the  alert,  observing  everything  that  takes 
place  within  sight  or  hearing ; 

To  report  every  breach  of  orders  or  regulations  that  I 
am  instructed  to  enforce ; 

To  repeat  all  calls  from  posts  more  distant  from  the 
guard-house  than  my  own; 

To  quit  my  post  only  when  properly  relieved ; 

To  receive,  transmit,  and  obey  all  orders  from,  and 
allow  myself  to  be  relieved  by  the  commanding  officer, 
officer  of  the  day,  an  officer  or  non-commissioned  officer  of 
the  guard  only; 

To  hold  conversation  with  no  one  except  in  the  proper 
discharge  of  my  duty ; 

In  case  of  fire  or  disorder,  to  give  the  alarm; 

To  allow  no  one  to  commit  nuisance  in  the  vicinity  of 
my  post; 

In  any  case  not  covered  by  instructions,  to  call  the 
corporal  of  the  guard ; 

To  salute  all  officers,  and  colors  or  standards  not 
cased; 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  31 

At  night  to  exercise  the  greatest  vigilance.  Between 
. . .  o'clock  (this  hour  is  designated  ly  the  commanding  offi- 
cer) and  broad  daylight,  challenge  all  persons  seen  on  or 
near  my  post,  and  allow  no  person  to  pass  without  proper 
authority. 

14.  It  is  seen  that  the  sentinel  obeys  the  orders  of  certain 
officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  only.     While  any  offi- 
cer has  the  right  to  call  the  attention  of  a  private  of  the  guard 
or  of  a  sentinel  to  any  matter  of  duty,  only  such  officers  and 
non-commissioned  officers  as  have  authority  over,  or  with,  the 
guard  can  give  him  orders.      This  rule  in  no  way  detracts 
from  the  respect  due  all  officers. 

15.  Special  orders  define  the  duties  to  be  performed 
by  a  sentinel  on  a  particular  post,  and  are  prescribed  by 
the  commanding  officer.       That  the  sentinel  may  learn 
them,  they  are  usually  posted  on  bulletin-boards  at  the  guard- 
tents  and  in  the  sentry-boxes. 

The  sentinel  at  the  commanding  officer's  tent  will 
warn  him,  day  or  night,  of  any  unusual  movement  in 
or  about  the  camp. 

16.  Whenever  relieved,  a  sentinel  will  repeat,  in 
detail,  to  his  successor,  all  special  orders  relating  to- 
his  post. 

17.  A  sentinel  on  post  is  not  required  to  halt  and 
change  the  position  of  his  rifle  on  arriving  at  the  end 


32  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

of  his  post,  nor  to  execute  to  the  rear  inarch,  precisely 
as  prescribed  in  the  Drill  Regulations,  but  faces  about 
while  marching  in  the  way  most  convenient  to  him, 
without  regard  to  the  position  of  adjacent  sentinels,  and 
either  to  the  right  about  or  left  about,  and  at  any  part 
of  his  post,  as  may  be  best  suited  to  the  proper  per- 
formance of  his  duties. 

He  carries  his  rifle  on  either  shoulder,  and  at  night, 
or  in  wet  and  severe  weather,  when  not  in  the  sentry- 
box,  he  may  carry  it  at  a  secure. 

A  sentinel  is  not  allowed  to  stand  on  post,  to  converse  with 
an  adjacent  sentinel,  or  carry  the  rifle  otherwise  than  as  pre- 
cribed;  such  "slouching"  on  post  is  not  only  unsoldierly,  but 
it  does  not  permit  that  vigilance  which  is  the  distinguish- 
ing feature  of  guard  duty.  At  night  and  in  rainy  iveather 
vigilance  is  not  to  be  relaxed,  but  rather  redoubled. 

18.  Sentinels,    when    in    sentry-boxes,    stand    at 
ease.     Sentry-boxes  will  be  used  in  wet  weather  only. 

19.  If  relief  become  necessary,  by  reason  of  sick- 
ness or  other  cause,  the  sentinel  will  call,  "Corporal  of 
the  Guard,  No.    ( — ) ;  relief,"  giving  the  number   of 
his  post. 

20.  To  call  a  corporal  of  the  guard  for  any  other 
purpose  than  for  relief,  the  sentinel  will  call,  "Corporal 
of  the  Guard,  No.  (— )." 


RIGHT  SHOULDER. 


SECURE  ARMS. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  37 

21.  Sentinels  must  not  call  a  corporal  of  the  guard  except 
ly  reason  of  duty.     The  useless  calling  of  a  corporal  for  such 
details  as  a  well-instructed,  thoughtful  sentinel  could  himself 
perform  is  not  conducive  to  a  manly,  self-reliant,  intelligent, 
and  proper  performance  of  guard  duty. 

22.  If  a  sentinel  is  to  be  relieved,  he  will  halt  and 
face  toward  the  relief  with  arms  at  right  shoulder 
when  the  relief  is  15  paces  from  him.     The  relief  is  halted 
about  6  paces  from  him;  the  sentinel  talcing  post  at  the  cor- 
porals command  "No.  ( — ),"  advances  at  right  shoulder  and 
halts  1  pace  from  him,  when  both  sentinels  come  to  port  arms. 
The  old  sentinel,  under  the  supervision  of  both  cor- 
porals, gives  in  a  low  tone  his  instructions  to  the  one 
taking  post.    At  the  command  "Post,"  both  sentinels 
then  resume  the  right  shoulder,  face  toward  the  new 
corporal,  and  step  back  so  as  to  allow  the  relief  to  pass 
in  front  of  them.     The  old  sentinel  takes  his  place  in 
rear  of  the  relief  as  it  passes  him,  his  piece  in  the  same 
position  as  those  of  the  relief.     The  new  sentinel  re- 
mains at  a  right  shoulder  until  the  relief  has  passed 
6  pa^es  beyond  him,  when  he  walks  to  his  post. 

23.  Between o'clock  (the  hour  designated  by 

the  commanding  officer)  and  broad  daylight,  if  the  sen- 
tinel sees  any  person  or  party  on  or  near  his  post,  he 
will  advance  rapidly  along  his  post  toward  such  person 


38  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

or  party,  and  when  within  about  30  paces  will  chal- 
lenge sharpl y,  "Halt.  Who  is  there  ?"  He  will  place 
himself  in  the  best  position  to  receive  or,  if  necessary, 
arrest  the  person  or  party.  See  Pars.  86,  37,  38. 

24.  In  case  a  mounted  party  be  challenged,  the 
sentinel  will  call,  "Dismount,"  after  challenging. 

25.  A  sentinel  will  not  divulge  the  countersign  to 
any  one  except  the  sentinel  who  relieves  him,  or  to  a 
person  from  whom  he  properly  receives  orders,  on  such 
person's  verbal  order  given  personally. 

„  "Any  person  belonging  to  the  armies  of  the  United 
States,  who  makes  known  the  watchword  to  any  person 
not  entitled  to  receive  it,  according  to  the  rules  and 
discipline  of  war,  or  presumes  to  give  a  parole  or  watch- 
word different  from  that  which  he  received,  shall 
suffer  death,  or  such  punishment  as  court-martial  may 
direct." — Forty-fourth  Article  of  War. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  39 

ORDERS  FOR  ALL  SENTINELS  EXCEPT  No.  1. 

26.  In  case  of  fire,  the  sentinel  will  call,  "Fire, 
No.  ( — ),"  giving  the  number  of  his  post;  if  possible,  he 
will  extinguish  the  fire  by  his  own  efforts.     In  case  of 
disorder,  he  will  call,  "The  Guard,  No.  (— )." 

If  the  danger  be  great,  he  will,  in  either  case,  dis- 
charge his  piece  before  calling.  Whenever  a  sentinel 
gives  an  alarm  by  discharging  his  piece,  he  invariably  fires 
straight  up  into  the  air  above  his  head. 

Night  Orders. 

27.  Until  duly  recognized,  by  countersign  or  other- 
wise, the  sentinel  will  allow  no  one  to  approach  nearer 
than  about  10  feet  from  him. 

The  sentinel  takes  the  position  of  port  arms  (Par.  8)  in 
challenging;  a  convenient  position  of  the  rifle,  inasmuch  as 
the  bayonet  can  readily  be  brought  against  the  breast  of  a 
party  attempting  to  force  him,  or  in  case  of  need  the  piece  can 
easily  be  brought  to  the  shoulder  to  aim  and  fire.  In  all 
cases,  the  sentinel  is  allowed  a  reasonable  latitude  on  the  score 
of  safety;  it  is  correct  not  to  allow  a  person  to  approach 
nearer  than  10  feet  for  recognition  without  first  bringing  the 


40  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY 

rifle  to  charge  bayonet,  guard,  or  to  a  like  position  admit- 
ting the  effective  use  of  the  bayonet. 

28.  The  sentinel  will  suffer  one  only  of  any  party 
to  approach  him  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the  counter- 
sign, or,  if  no  countersign  be  used,  of  being  duly  rec- 
ognized.   When  this  has  been  done,  the  whole  party  is 
advanced — i.  e.,  allowed  to  pass. 

29.  In  all  cases  the  sentinel  must  satisfy  himself 
beyond  a  reasonable  doubt  that  the  parties  are  what 
they  represent  themselves  to  be,  and  have  a  right  to 
pass.     If  he  be  not  satisfied,  he  must  cause  them  to 
stand,  and  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard.      So,  like- 
wise, if  he  have  no  authority  to  pass  persons  with  the 
countersign,  or  when  the  party  challenged  has  not  the 
countersign,  or  gives  an  incorrect  one. 

30.  The  authority  of  the  sentinel  to  hold  any  person  whom 
he  does  not  recognize,  whoever  that  person  may  claim  to  be,  is 
absolute.      Although  giving  the  countersign,  persons  whose 
authority  to  pass  is  in  reasonable  doubt  should  not  be  allowed 
to  pass  without  the  authority  of  the  corporal  of  the  guard 
after  proper  investigation;  the  corporal  should  take  to  his  next 
superior  any  case  that  he  is  not  competent  to  decide. 

31.  The  sentinel  will  never  allow  himself  to  be  sur- 
prised, nor  permit  two  parties  to  advance  upon  him  at 
the  same  time. 


CHARGE  BAYONET. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  43 

32.  If  two  or  more  parties  approach  a  sentinel's 
post  from  different  directions  at  the  same  time,  all  such 
parties  are  challenged — i.  e.,  halted,  in  turn.     The  sen- 
ior is  first  advanced  in  accordance  with  rules.       See 
Pars.  36,  37,  38. 

33.  If  a  party  be  already  advanced,  and  in  com- 
munication with  a  sentinel,  the  latter  will  challenge 
any  other  party  that  may  approach ;  if  the  party  chal- 
lenged be  senior  to  the  one  already  on  his  post,  the 
sentinel  will  advance  such  party  at  once.     The  senior, 
if  competent  to  give  orders  to  the  sentinel,  may  direct 
Mm  to  advance  any  or  all  of  the  other  parties.     When 
so  directed,  the  sentinel  advances  them  according  to  the  rules. 
Without  such  direction,  the  sentinel  will  not  advance 
any  of  them  until  the  senior  leaves  him.     He  will  then 
advance  the  senior  only  of  the  remaining  parties,  and 
so  on. 

34.  The  following  order  of  rank  will  govern  a  sen- 
tinel in  advancing  different  persons   or   parties  ap- 
proaching his  post  at  night :      General  officer,  command- 
ing officer,  officer  of  the  day,  officer  of  the  guard,  offi- 
cers, patrols,  non-commissioned  officers  of  the  guard  in 
the  order  of  rank,  friends. 

35.  After  challenging  and  duly  recognizing  an  offi- 
cer, the  sentinel,  unless  spoken  to,  salutes,  and  resumes 


44  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

walking  his  post;  if  spoken  to,  he  continues  at  port 
arms,  and  salutes  when  the  officer  leaves  him. 

36.  If  a  person  having  the  countersign  approach 
alone,  he  is  advanced  to  give  the  countersign.      Ex- 
ample: 

"Halt.  Who  is  there?"  Answer,  "Friend  with  the 
countersign  (or  officer  of  the  day,  or  corporal  of  the  guard, 
or  etc.)";  the  sentinel  will  say,  "Advance  friend  (or  officer 
of  the  day,  or  corporal  of  the  guard,  or  etc.)  with  the 
countersign";  and  then,  the  countersign  being  given,  "Ad- 
vance friend  (or  officer  of  the  day,  or  corporal  of  the 
guard,  or  etc.) ."  See  Pars.  23,  24. 

37.  When  two  or  more  persons  approach  in  one 
party,  the  sentinel,  on  receiving  an  answer  that  some 
one  in  the  party  has  the  countersign,  will  invariably  say, 
"Advance  one  with  the  countersign,"  and,  if  the  counter- 
sign be  given  correctly,  will  then  say,  "Advance  (so  and 
so),"  repeating  the  answer  to  his  challenge.    Example: 

"Halt.  Who  is  there?"  Answer,  "Friends  with  the 
countersign  (or  relief,  or  etc.)";  the  sentinel  will  say,  "Ad- 
vance one  with  the  countersign";  then,  "Advance  friends 
(or  relief,  or  etc.)."  See  Pars.  23,  24. 

38.  If  no  countersign  be  used,  the  rules  for  chal- 
lenging are  the  same.     The  rules  for  advancing  are 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  45 

modified  only  as  follows:  Instead  of  saying,  "Advance 
(so  and  so)  with  the  countersign,"  the  sentinel  will  say, 
"Advance  (so  and  so)  to  be  recognized."  Upon  recogni- 
tion the  sentinel  will  say,  "Advance  (so  and  so)." 

Examples: 

"Halt.  Who  is  there?"  Answer,  "Officer  of  the 
guard" ;  the  sentinel  will  say,  "Advance  officer  of  the  guard, 
to  be  recognized";  then,  upon  recognition,  "Advance  officer 
of  the  guard." 

"Halt.  Who  is  there?"  Answer,  "Officer  of  the  day 
with  friends";  the  sentinel  will  say,  "Advance  one  to  be  rec- 
ognized"; then,  upon  recognition,  "Advance  officer  of  the 
day  and  friends."  See  Pars.  23,  24- 

39.  As  a  rule,  written  passes  are  never  good  across  sen- 
tinels' posts  at  night;  such  passes  are  easily  forged,  and  at 
night  are  not  legible. 


46  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUT7. 

ORDERS  FOR  SENTINEL  No.  1. 
(At  the  Post  of  the  Guard.) 

40.  Sentinels  posted  at  the  guard-house  or  guard- 
tent  will  be  required  to  memorize  the  following: 

Between  reveille  and  retreat,  to  turn  out  the  guard 
for  all  persons  entitled  to  the  compliment,  for  all  colors  or 
standards  not  cased,  and  for  all  armed  parties  approaching 
my  post,  except  troops  at  drill,  and  reliefs  or  detachments 
of  the  guard. 

At  night,  after  challenging  any  person  or  party,  to 
advance  no  one,  hut  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard,  repeat- 
ing the  answer  to  the  challenge. 

Sentinel  No.  1  is  also  required  to  memorize  Par.  13. 

41.  The   -following   are  entitled,   between   reveille   and 
retreat,  to  liave  the  guard  turned  out: 

Governor  of  the  State,  General  Officers,  Command- 
ing Officer  of  the  post  or  camp,  Officer  of  the  Day. 
(For  others,  see  Par.  252,  Manual  of  Guard  Duty.) 

42.  Examples  of  No.  1's  turning  out  the  guard: 
Upon  their  approach  within  convenient  hearing  distance, 

No.  1  shouts  loudly,  "Turn  out  the  guard,  commanding  offi- 


UNIVERSITT 

^^^A*  Q*  .  ip/-vQ\4N^^^ 
MILITARY  COl'RTESY  Amf^wJfSli  &f?TY.  47 

cer,"  or  "Turn  out  the  guard,  Governor  of  the  State," 
or  "Turn  out  the  guard,  national  colors,"  or  "Turn  out  the 
guard,  armed  party,"  or  "etc.,"  0s  the  case  may  be. 

At  the  approach  of  the  new  guard  at  guard  mount- 
ing, the  sentinel  will  call,  as  in  the  last  example: 
"Turn  out  the  guard,  armed  party." 

43.  Should  the  person  named  by  the  sentinel  not 
desire  the  guard  formed,  he  will  salute  and  say,  "Never 
mind  the  guard,"  whereupon  the  sentinel  calls,  "Never 
mind  the  guard."    No.  1  salutes  all  persons  entitled  thereto 
just  like  any  other  sentinel. 

44.  After  having  called,  "Turn  out  the  guard,"  the 
sentinel  will  not,  in  any  case,  call,  "Never  mind  the 
guard,"  on  the  approach  of  an  armed  party. 

45.  Though  the  guard  be  already  formed,  he  will 
not  fail  to  call,  "Turn  out  the  guard,"  as  required  in  his 
general  orders,  except  as  provided  in  Par.  46. 

46.  If  two  or  more  persons  entitled  to  the  compli- 
ment approach  at  the  same  time,  the  sentinel  will  call 
for  the  senior  only;  if  the  senior  does  not  desire  the 
guard  formed,  the  sentinel  then  calls,  "Never  mind  the 
guard."     The  guard  will  not  be  turned  out  for  an  offi- 
cer wrhile  a  senior  entitled  to  the  compliment  is  at  or 
coming  to  the  post  of  the  guard. 


48  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

47.  The  sentinels  at  the  post  of  the  guard  will 
warn  the  commander  of  the  approach  of  any  armed 
body,  and  to  arrest  all  suspicious  or  disorderly  persons. 
They  will  not  permit  enlisted  men  to  pass  without  their 
reporting,  at  the  guard-tent,  unless  orders  to  the  contrary 
have  been  given  by  the  commanding  officer. 

48.  From  reveille  until  retreat  is  the  interval  be- 
tween the  firing  of  the  morning  and  the  evening  gun ; 
or,  if  no  gun  be  fired,  it  is  the  interval  between  the 
sounding  of  the  first  note  of  the  reveille,  or  the  first 
march,  if  marches  be  played,  and  the  last  note  of  the 
retreat. 

49.  Between  retreat  and  the  hour  designated  by  the  com- 
manding officer  for  challenging  to  commence,  also  between 
broad  daylight  and  reveille,  the  sentinel  usually  informs  the 
corporal  of  the  guard  of  the  approach  of  any  person,  party, 
etc.,  entitled,  during  the  proper  hours,  to  have  the  guard 
turned  out. 

50.  In  case  of  fire  or  disorder  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
guard-house,  the  sentinel  posted  there  will  call  the  cor- 
poral of  the  guard  and  report  the  facts  to  him. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  49 

Night  Orders. 

51.  After  receiving  an  answer  to  his  challenge, 
the  sentinel  calls,  "Corporal  of  the  guard,  (so  and  so)," 
repeating  the  answer  to  his  challenge.     He  does  not  in 
such  cases  repeat  the  number  of  his  post.     See  Pars. 
23,  24. 

52.  He  remains  in  the  position  assumed  in  chal- 
lenging until  the  corporal  of  the  guard  advances  the 
person  challenged  to  give  the  countersign  or  for  recog- 
nition, when  he  resumes  walking  his  post,  or,  if  the 
party  be  entitled  thereto,  he  salutes,  and,  as  soon  as 
the  salute  is  acknowledged,  resumes  walking  his  post. 

53.  Tlie  post  of  No.  1,  at  the  post  of  the  guard,  is  most 
important  and  the  duties  of  the  sentinel  are  of  necessity  more 
various  than  is  the  case  on  other  posts,  even  requiring  that 
the  most  intelligent  sentinels  ~be  here  posted.     By  reason  of  the 
greater  vigilance  demanded  by  the  importance  and  variety  of 
the  duties,  the  method  of  challenging  and  advancing  here  at 
the  post  of  the  guard  differs  from  all  other  posts.     Sentinel 
No.  1  does  all  challenging,  a  corporal  of  tlie  guard  (one  is 
always  on  the  alert  at  the  guard-tent)  does  all  advancing. 
No.  1  detects  all  who  approach  his  post  or  the  guard-tents, 
from  within  as  well  as  from  without  the  camp,  challenges,  and 
then  quickly  calls  the  corporal  of  tlie  guard,  repeating  the 


50  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

answer  to  his  challenge,  so  giving  the  corporal  notice  of  the 
presence  of  the  party.  The  corporal  promptly  responds  to 
each  call,  thus  leaving  No.  1  free  to  resume  his  watch.  That 
this  may  be  done  well,  quickly,  and  without  confusion,  re- 
quires careful  learning  of  their  respective  duties  by  No.  1 
and  the  corporal.  Examples: 

No.  1  challenges,  "Halt.  Who  is  there?"  Answer, 
"Friends."  No.  1  at  once  calls,  "Corporal  of  the  guard; 
friends."  The  corporal  at  once  (briskly  advancing  toward 
the  party)  says,  "Advance  one  to  be  recognized,"  whereupon 
No.  1  resumes  walking  his  post.  The  corporal  upon  rcogniz- 
ing  the  party  says,  "Advance  friends."  So  also  for  relief, 
patrol,  etc. 

No.  1,  "Halt.  Who  is  there?"  Answer,  "Corporal  of 
the  guard."  No.  1  at  once  calls,  "'Corporal  of  the  guard;  cor- 
poral of  the  guard."  The  corporal  on  the  alert  then  says, 
advancing  as  before,  "Advance  corporal  of  the  guard  to  be 
recognized";  and  then,  "Advance  corporal  of  the  guard." 
So  likewise  for  officer  of  the  day,  officer  of  the  guard, 
friend,  etc. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  51 


COMPLIMENTS  FROM  ALL  SENTINELS. 


54.  Saluting  distance  is  the  limit  within  which  in- 
dividuals and  the  insignia  of  rank  can  be  readily  recog- 
nized; it  is  assumed  to  be  about  30  paces.     Officers  are 
saluted  by  night  as  well  as  ly  day. 

55.  The  salute  by  sentinels  will  be  made  by  pre- 
senting arms;  to  salute,  the  sentinel  halts,  brings  his 
piece  to  right  shoulder  arms,  if  not  already  there,  and 
faces  outward  as  the  person  or  party  entitled  to  salute 
arrives  within  about  30  paces. 

If  the  officer  approaches  along  the  post,  the  pre- 
sent will  be  given  when  the  officer  arrives  at  a  distance 
of  about  6  yards.  If  he  passes  in  front  of  the  sentinel, 
but  not  along  the  post,  he  is  saluted  just  before  he 
passes  the  sentinel's  front.  If  he  cross  the  post,  from 
either  front  or  rear  he  is  saluted  just  before  he  crosses. 

The  sentinel  will  remain  at  the  present  until  his 
salute  is  returned,  or  until  the  person  saluted  has 
passed. 

If  the  officer  passes  along  in  rear  of  his  post,  he  is 
not  saluted,  but  the  sentinel  stands  facing  outward 
until  the  officer  has  passed. 


52  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

A  sentinel  at  port  arms,  engaged  in  conversation, 
executes  present  arms  directly  from  the  position  of 
port  arms. 

A  sentinel  in  a  sentry-box,  upon  approach  of  an 
officer,  will  stand  at  an  order  and  present  arms  there- 
from as  the  officer  passes. 

A  cavalry  or  artillery  sentinel  with  the  saber 
drawn,  whether  mounted  or  dismounted,  will  salute 
with  the  present;  when  mounted  and  armed  with  the 
carbine,  he  will  advance  carbine. 

In  other  cases  the  sentinel  will  salute  with  the  hand. 

56.  The  same  rules  apply  when  a  color  or  standard 
not  cased,  carried  by  a  color  guard  or  armed  party,  or 
when  the  officer  commanding  a  party,  whether  armed 
or  unarmed,  passes;  so  also  when  the  remains  of  a  de- 
ceased officer  or  soldier  are  carried  past. 

57.  In  case  of  the  approach  of  an  armed  party  of 
the  guard,  the  sentinel  will  halt  when  it  is  about  15 
paces  from  him,  facing  toward  the  party,  with  his  piece 
at  right  shoulder.     If  not  himself  relieved,  he  will,  as 
the  party  passes,  place  himself  so  that  it  will  pass  in 
front  of  him;  he  resumes  walking  his  post  when  the 
party  has  passed  6  paces  beyond  him. 

The  same  rules  apply  in  the  case  of  the  approach  of 
the  new  or  old  guard. 


SALUTE  OF  SENTINEL. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  55 

58.  Sentinels  will  not  salute,  nor  halt  on  the  ap- 
proach of  any  armed  or  unarmed  party  of  troops,  ex- 
cept as  provided  in  Par.  57.     In  any  case,  if  the  party 
be  commanded  by  a  commissioned  officer,  the  sentinel 
will  salute  him  as  prescribed  in  Par.  55. 

59.  On  the  approach  of  an  officer  from  whom  he 
properly  receives  orders,  a  sentinel  will  walk  his  post 
toward  the  officer,  and  will  salute  as  prescribed  in 
Par.  55;  if  spoken  to,  he  will  face  toward  the  officer, 
his  piece  at  port  arms;  he  salutes  when  the  officer 
leaves  him. 

The  same  will  be  observed  on  the  approach  of  a  non- 
commissioned officer  of  the  guard,  except  that  the  sen- 
tinel does  not  salute. 

60.  An  officer  is  entitled  to  the  compliments  pre- 
scribed, whether  in  uniform  or  not. 

61.  If  an  officer  or  group  of  officers  remain  on  or 
near  a  sentinel's  post,  the  sentinel  salutes  but  once. 
Having  saluted,  the  sentinel  resumes  walking  his  post,  with 
his  rifle  in  usual  position. 

62.  A  sentinel  at  port  arms,  and  in  communication 
with  an  officer,  who  is  senior,  will  not  interrupt  the  com- 
munication to  salute  a  junior,  unless  directed  by  the 
senior  to  do  so. 


56  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

SPECIAL  ORDERS  FOR  SENTINELS  IN  CHARGE  OF 
PRISONERS. 

For  Sentinels  at  the  Guard-House. 

63.  The  sentinel  at  the  post  of  the  guard  has 
charge  of  the  prisoners.  He  will  allow  none  to  escape 
or  to  cross  his  post  except  under  proper  guard. 

He  will  allow  no  one  to  communicate  in  any 
way  with  prisoners  without  permission  from  proper 
authority. 

He  will  at  once  report  to  the  corporal  of  the  guard 
any  suspicious  noise  made  by  prisoners. 

He  must  be  prepared  to  tell,  whenever  asked,  how 
many  prisoners  are  in  the  guard-house,  and  how  many 
are  at  work,  or  elsewhere. 

Whenever  prisoners  pass  his  post,  returning  from 
work,  he  will  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard,  notifying 
him  of  the  number  of  prisoners  so  returning.  Thus: 
"Corporal  of  the  guard,  (so  many)  prisoners." 

If  a  prisoner  attempts  to  escape,  the  sentinel  will 
call,  "Halt."  If  he  fails  to  halt  when  the  sentinel  has 
once  repeated  his  call,  and  if  there  be  no  other  possible 
means  of  preventing  his  escape,  the  sentinel  will  fire 
upon  him.  A  sentinel  does  not  use  more  force  than  is 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  57 

necessary  to  prevent  the  escape,  but  if  the  prisoner,  hav- 
ing twice  been  ordered  to  halt,  continues  his  flight,  the 
sentinel  may  maim  or  kill  him,  and  it  is  his  duty  to 
do  so. 

For  Sentinels  in  Charge  of  Prisoners  at  Work. 

64.  A  sentinel  in  charge  of  prisoners  at  work  wrill 
not  suffer  them  to  escape,  nor  allow  them  to  converse 
with  each  other,  nor  with  any  person  without  permis- 
sion from  proper  authority.  He  will  not  himself  speak 
to  them,  except  in  the  execution  of  his  duty.  He  will 
see  that  they  do  not  straggle  and  are  orderly  in  deport- 
ment, and  that  they  keep  constantly  at  work. 

He  will  keep  his  prisoners  constantly  in  front  of 
him,  and  never  allow  them  to  walk  at  his  side  or  in  his 
rear.  He  will  not  at  any  time  lose  sight  of  them. 
When  an  officer  approaches,  or  when  he  approaches  an 
officer  within  6  paces,  he  wrill  salute  with  the  rifle  sa- 
lute, taking  care  to  keep  his  prisoners  constantly  in 
front  of  him.  (A  prisoner  under  charge  of  a  sentinel 
will  not  salute  an  officer.) 

In  crossing  the  post  of  the  sentinel  at  the  guard- 
house, a  sentinel  in  charge  of  prisoners  will  call,  "No.  1, 
(so  many)  prisoners." 

The  duties  of  sentinels,  in  case  prisoners  attempt  to 
escape,  are  explained  in  Par.  63. 


58  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

ORDERLY  FOR  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER. 

65.  When  directed  by  the  commander  of  the  guard 
to  fall  out  and  report,  the  orderly  will  give  his  name, 
company,  and  regiment  to  the  sergeant  of  the  guard, 
and,  leaving  his  rifle  in  the  arm-rack  in  his  company 
quarters,  will  proceed  at  once  to  the  commanding  offi- 
cer, reporting :     "Sir,  Private   . . . ,  Company  . . . , 

reports  as  orderly." 

66.  If  the  orderly  selected  be  a  cavalryman,  he  will 
report  equipped  with  saber-belt  and  saber,  unless  other- 
wise directed  by  the  commanding  officer,  first  leaving 
his  carbine  in  the  arm-rack  of  his  troop  quarters. 

67.  In  the  field,  or  on  the  march,  the  equipment  of 
the  orderly  will  be  as  directed  by  the  commanding 
officer. 

68.  The  orderly,  while  on  duty  as  such,  is  subject 
to  the  orders  of  the  commanding  officer  only. 

69.  When  ordered  to  carry  a  message,  he  will  be 
careful  to  deliver  it  exactly  as  it  was  given  him. 

70.  The  orderly  may  be  permitted  to  sleep  in  his 
company  quarters,  or  in  such  other  place  as  the  com- 
manding officer  may  direct. 


MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY.  59 

71.  His  tour  of  duty  ends  when  he  is  relieved  by 
the  orderly  selected  from  the  guard  relieving  his  own. 

72.  The  orderly  is  a  member  of  the  guard,  and  his 
name,  company,  and  regiment  are  entered  on  the  guard 
report  and  lists  of  the  guard. 


MUSICIANS  OF  THE  GTTABD. 


73.  Musicians  of  the  guard  are  subject  to  the  or- 
ders of  none  but  the  commanding  officer,  the  officer  of 
the  day,  officers,  and  non-commissioned  officers  of  the 
guard. 

74.  Unless  otherwise  directed  by  the  commanding 
officer,  they  will  remain  at  the  guard-house  during  their 
tour,  and  will  fall  in  with  the  guard  when  formed. 
They  form  on  a  line  with  the  front  rank  of  the  guard, 
their  left  3  paces  from  the  right  guide. 

75.  Musicians  of  the  guard  sleep  at  the  guard- 
house, unless  otherwise  directed  by  the  commanding 
officer. 

76.  They  will  sound  all  calls  prescribed  by  the 
commanding  officer,  and  such  other  calls  as  may  be 
ordered  by  proper  authority,  at  such  times  and  places 
as  may  be  directed. 


60  MILITARY  COURTESY  AND  GUARD  DUTY. 

77.  Should  the  guard  be  turned  out  for  national  or 
regimental  colors  or  standards,  the  field  music  of  the 
guard  will,  when  the  guard  presents  arms,  sound,  "To 
the  color,"  or  "To  the  standard,"  or,  if  any  person  be 
entitled  thereto,  the  prescribed  march,  flourishes,  or 
ruffles,  as  follows: 

The  Governor  of  the  State:      The  General's  March. 

A  Major-General:  two  flourishes  or  two  ruffles.  A 
Brigadier  General :  one  flourish  or  one  ruffle. 

(For  others,  see  Par.  181,  Manual  of  Guard  Duty.) 


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